Raman white pigment
An interplay between art and chemistry. In a collaboration between the National Gallery and the Department of Chemistry at the University are Raman spectroscopy used to define the composition of a mixture of white lead and calcite in paintings white pigments. Read the original article here
By Nini Reeler EA *, Ole Faurskov Nielsen, Stephan PA Sauer, Henrik G. Kjaergaard, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Niels Borring, Troels Filtenborg Anna Vila, Jorgen Wadum, CATS and Conservation Department, National Gallery of Art
In 2008 started at Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK) the preservation and restoration of Gottorfer Codex [1]. Codex means book in Latin, roses pictures and Gottorfer Codex is a book in four volumes totaling 365 pages containing 1180 illustrations of flowers, shrubs and fruit. Duke Frederick roses pictures III of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1597-1659) hired, 1649-1659, roses pictures flower painter Hans Simon Holtzbecker (1610 / 20-1671) to paint the many beautiful flowers from Gottorp Castle Garden. Gottorfer Codex has been named after the place of origin of the plants and flowers. Occurs from one to ten images on each side. All paintings are painted on kalvepergament with gouachefarve whose color intensity is remarkably well preserved. Gottorfer roses pictures Codex is now at SMK, where it is registered as "spoils of war, in 1749" because it is in the library at Gottorp Castle was brought back to Copenhagen after the victory in the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Within the preservation of pergamentbladene and the restoration of the color layers to start, it was the conservators at SMK important to know about the white pigment that was struck over the parchment roses pictures as paint base, contained white lead or calcite. As the lead as pigment [2PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2] is very toxic, it could mean that the parts of the treatment of the plants for health reasons would be made with face shield and exhaust! Therefore approached conservators to the Department of Chemistry (KI) at Copenhagen University (KU), the question whether it could help to determine whether there was white lead present. Raman spectroscopy is now a widely used method to analyze the chemical structure of pigments in works of art. The ideal would have been to examine the books page directly by Raman at KI. Unfortunately, the instrument is not removable and it is not allowed to remove the books from SMK.
Gottorfer Codex A sample of less than 1 mm2 was therefore removed with a scalpel from a non-colored area of the written page from Gottorfer roses pictures Codex shown in Figure 1 Raman spectrum was recorded through a microscope with a 10x objective lens Rama instrument on KI, previously described in Danish roses pictures Chemistry [2,3]. Figure 2 shows the band at 1085 cm -1 from CO32- in calcite. The "waves" observed in the spectrum are due to the Raman spectrum is of poor quality, and corresponds to the noise in the spectrum. Unfortunately, the sample was destroyed by prolonged shot so that a spectrum with a better signal / noise ratio could be obtained. "The Wave" at 1052 cm-1 could be from CO32- in reduced occurrence of white lead. The intensity is not stronger than the surrounding areas. Therefore it was concluded that the amount of white lead was very small, and it was not necessary to use protective masks, it was possible efficient extraction at the restoration of book pages in Gottorfer Codex. roses pictures The restoration is now over, and the result displayed on SMK's recent exhibition "Flowers and Worldview" [4].
Raman of blyhvidt- and calcite mixtures, however, roses pictures was also from painting conservators' roses pictures page at SMK raised interest to more quantitatively analyze the content of calcite and white lead in paintings white pigments. The paintings are there in the white color is often a mixture roses pictures of white lead and calcite, and one would like to know if Raman spectroscopy could be used to define the composition of mixtures roses pictures of these pigments and fillers. A Raman spectrum roses pictures of a mixture of calcite and white lead seen in Figure 3, the symmetric stretching vibration in CO32- seen due. Crystal effects at slightly different wave numbers (cm -1). For calcite, CaCO3, visible band at 1085 cm -1 and at about 1052 cm-1 for white lead 2 PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2. At ca 1052 cm-1 is, however, also bands from other white pigments containing CO32- ions. This applies roses pictures cerussit, PbCO3, and plumbonacrit, 3 PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2 PbO [5]. Crystal Effects also means that the symmetric stretching roses pictures vibration CO32--splitter up in a different number of components depending roses pictures on the substance in the case of [5]. At a high spectral resolution is 2 components of white lead, 3 for plumbonacrit and one for cerussit [5]. Figure 3 shows the blue curve how the tape of the white lead splits into two components at 1 cm-1 spectral resolution. Raman are an efficient analytical method to distinguish between closely related chemical compounds as white lead, cerussit and plumbonacrit. When the identity of the pigment is held is often a lower spectral resolution, simply in order to get an acceptable time of the recording of the spectrum. It will be the sam
An interplay between art and chemistry. In a collaboration between the National Gallery and the Department of Chemistry at the University are Raman spectroscopy used to define the composition of a mixture of white lead and calcite in paintings white pigments. Read the original article here
By Nini Reeler EA *, Ole Faurskov Nielsen, Stephan PA Sauer, Henrik G. Kjaergaard, Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Niels Borring, Troels Filtenborg Anna Vila, Jorgen Wadum, CATS and Conservation Department, National Gallery of Art
In 2008 started at Statens Museum for Kunst (SMK) the preservation and restoration of Gottorfer Codex [1]. Codex means book in Latin, roses pictures and Gottorfer Codex is a book in four volumes totaling 365 pages containing 1180 illustrations of flowers, shrubs and fruit. Duke Frederick roses pictures III of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1597-1659) hired, 1649-1659, roses pictures flower painter Hans Simon Holtzbecker (1610 / 20-1671) to paint the many beautiful flowers from Gottorp Castle Garden. Gottorfer Codex has been named after the place of origin of the plants and flowers. Occurs from one to ten images on each side. All paintings are painted on kalvepergament with gouachefarve whose color intensity is remarkably well preserved. Gottorfer roses pictures Codex is now at SMK, where it is registered as "spoils of war, in 1749" because it is in the library at Gottorp Castle was brought back to Copenhagen after the victory in the Great Northern War (1700-1721). Within the preservation of pergamentbladene and the restoration of the color layers to start, it was the conservators at SMK important to know about the white pigment that was struck over the parchment roses pictures as paint base, contained white lead or calcite. As the lead as pigment [2PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2] is very toxic, it could mean that the parts of the treatment of the plants for health reasons would be made with face shield and exhaust! Therefore approached conservators to the Department of Chemistry (KI) at Copenhagen University (KU), the question whether it could help to determine whether there was white lead present. Raman spectroscopy is now a widely used method to analyze the chemical structure of pigments in works of art. The ideal would have been to examine the books page directly by Raman at KI. Unfortunately, the instrument is not removable and it is not allowed to remove the books from SMK.
Gottorfer Codex A sample of less than 1 mm2 was therefore removed with a scalpel from a non-colored area of the written page from Gottorfer roses pictures Codex shown in Figure 1 Raman spectrum was recorded through a microscope with a 10x objective lens Rama instrument on KI, previously described in Danish roses pictures Chemistry [2,3]. Figure 2 shows the band at 1085 cm -1 from CO32- in calcite. The "waves" observed in the spectrum are due to the Raman spectrum is of poor quality, and corresponds to the noise in the spectrum. Unfortunately, the sample was destroyed by prolonged shot so that a spectrum with a better signal / noise ratio could be obtained. "The Wave" at 1052 cm-1 could be from CO32- in reduced occurrence of white lead. The intensity is not stronger than the surrounding areas. Therefore it was concluded that the amount of white lead was very small, and it was not necessary to use protective masks, it was possible efficient extraction at the restoration of book pages in Gottorfer Codex. roses pictures The restoration is now over, and the result displayed on SMK's recent exhibition "Flowers and Worldview" [4].
Raman of blyhvidt- and calcite mixtures, however, roses pictures was also from painting conservators' roses pictures page at SMK raised interest to more quantitatively analyze the content of calcite and white lead in paintings white pigments. The paintings are there in the white color is often a mixture roses pictures of white lead and calcite, and one would like to know if Raman spectroscopy could be used to define the composition of mixtures roses pictures of these pigments and fillers. A Raman spectrum roses pictures of a mixture of calcite and white lead seen in Figure 3, the symmetric stretching vibration in CO32- seen due. Crystal effects at slightly different wave numbers (cm -1). For calcite, CaCO3, visible band at 1085 cm -1 and at about 1052 cm-1 for white lead 2 PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2. At ca 1052 cm-1 is, however, also bands from other white pigments containing CO32- ions. This applies roses pictures cerussit, PbCO3, and plumbonacrit, 3 PbCO3 Pb (OH) 2 PbO [5]. Crystal Effects also means that the symmetric stretching roses pictures vibration CO32--splitter up in a different number of components depending roses pictures on the substance in the case of [5]. At a high spectral resolution is 2 components of white lead, 3 for plumbonacrit and one for cerussit [5]. Figure 3 shows the blue curve how the tape of the white lead splits into two components at 1 cm-1 spectral resolution. Raman are an efficient analytical method to distinguish between closely related chemical compounds as white lead, cerussit and plumbonacrit. When the identity of the pigment is held is often a lower spectral resolution, simply in order to get an acceptable time of the recording of the spectrum. It will be the sam
Speaking of poppy, opium will make people think, because opium is extracted from the poppy flower. Speaking of opium, it will make everyone think of the Opium War a century ago. It is in the hearts of every Chinese person pain. And who would have thought a frozen flower hundred years later, California poppy is actually the state flower. California poppies came to this reservation, see this mountain partial wild poppies, really beautiful to breathtaking.